Il33 Protein is an important component in the neurobiology of neurodegenerative diseases. This page provides detailed information about its structure, function, and role in disease processes.
| Protein Information | |
|---|---|
| Protein Name | Interleukin-33 (IL-33) |
| Gene | IL33 |
| UniProt ID | Q9BY84 |
| PDB Structure | 4KMC, 5V4D |
| Molecular Weight | ~30 kDa (full-length) |
| Subcellular Localization | Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Secreted |
| Protein Family | IL-1 Family |
IL-33 (Interleukin-33) is a cytokine belonging to the IL-1 family that functions as an alarmin released upon cell damage. IL-33 signals through the ST2 receptor (IL1RL1) and promotes type 2 immune responses. It is expressed in various tissues including the brain, where it plays important roles in neuroinflammation and has been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases.
IL-33 is a cytokine with dual function:
IL-33 has dual functions as nuclear cytokine and alarmin:
| Cell Type | Expression Level | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Astrocytes | High | Brain expression |
| Neurons | Moderate | Some neuronal types |
| Microglia | Moderate | Immune cells |
| Endothelial Cells | High | Vascular cells |
| Fibroblasts | High | Stromal cells |
| Epithelial Cells | Moderate | Barrier tissues |
| Approach | Agent | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| ST2 Antagonists | Soluble ST2-Fc | Research | Block IL-33 binding |
| Anti-IL-33 | Monoclonal antibodies | Research | Neutralize IL-33 |
| Natural Compounds | Various | Preclinical | Modulate pathway |
The study of Il33 Protein has evolved significantly over the past decades. Research in this area has revealed important insights into the underlying mechanisms of neurodegeneration and continues to drive therapeutic development.
Historical context and key discoveries in this field have shaped our current understanding and will continue to guide future research directions.
Liew FY, Girard JP, Turnquist HR. Interleukin-33 in health and disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2016;16(11):676-689.
Xiong Z, Thangavel R, Kempuraj D, et al. Alzheimer disease: evidence for the altered expression of IL-33 and its receptor ST2. J Alzheimers Dis. 2014;42(4):1271-1280.