Il1Rl1 Protein (St2) is an important component in the neurobiology of neurodegenerative diseases. This page provides detailed information about its structure, function, and role in disease processes.
| Protein Information | |
|---|---|
| Protein Name | Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1 (ST2) |
| Gene | IL1RL1 |
| UniProt ID | Q9INT6 |
| PDB Structure | 4E90, 4R0U |
| Molecular Weight | ~63 kDa (membrane form) |
| Subcellular Localization | Cell membrane |
| Protein Family | IL-1 Receptor Family |
ST2 (Interleukin-1 Receptor-Like 1, encoded by IL1RL1) is a member of the IL-1 receptor family and serves as the receptor for IL-33. ST2 exists in both membrane-bound (ST2L) and soluble (sST2) forms. The IL-33/ST2 axis plays critical roles in type 2 immune responses, tissue repair, and has been implicated in inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases.
ST2 is a member of the IL-1 receptor family:
ST2 is the receptor for IL-33:
| Cell Type | Expression Level | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| T Cells | High | Especially Th2 cells |
| Mast Cells | High | Allergic response |
| Eosinophils | Moderate | Type 2 inflammation |
| Astrocytes | Moderate | Brain expression |
| Microglia | Low-Moderate | Immune cells |
| Cardiac Cells | High | Cardiomyocytes |
| Approach | Agent | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| ST2 Antagonists | Soluble ST2-Fc | Research | Block IL-33 binding |
| Anti-IL-33 | Monoclonal antibodies | Research | Neutralize IL-33 |
| ST2 Blocking | Antibodies | Clinical trials | Various diseases |
The study of Il1Rl1 Protein (St2) has evolved significantly over the past decades. Research in this area has revealed important insights into the underlying mechanisms of neurodegeneration and continues to drive therapeutic development.
Historical context and key discoveries in this field have shaped our current understanding and will continue to guide future research directions.
Schmitz J, Owyang A, Oldham E, et al. IL-33, an interleukin-1-like cytokine that signals via the IL-1 receptor-related protein ST2 and induces T helper type 2-associated cytokines. Immunity. 2005;23(5):479-490.
Griesenauer B, Paczesny S. The ST2/IL-33 axis in immune cells during inflammatory diseases. Front Immunol. 2017;8:476.