| Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) | |
|---|---|
| Gene | IL1B |
| UniProt | P01584 |
| PDB | 5R0J, 1S0L |
| Mol. Weight | 17.5 kDa (pro-IL-1β), 17 kDa (mature) |
| Localization | Cytosol, secreted |
| Family | IL-1 family |
| Receptors | IL-1R1, IL-1R2 |
| Diseases | Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, ALS, Multiple Sclerosis |
Interleukin 1 Beta (Il 1Β) is an important component in the neurobiology of neurodegenerative diseases. This page provides detailed information about its structure, function, and role in disease processes.
Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that plays a central role in the innate immune response and neuroinflammation. As one of the most potent inflammatory mediators, IL-1β is critically involved in the neuroinflammatory processes that contribute to neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and ALS[1].
IL-1β is synthesized as an inactive precursor (pro-IL-1β) that requires proteolytic cleavage to become active:
IL-1β is essential for host defense:
In the brain, IL-1β has physiological roles:
IL-1β is a key driver of neuroinflammation in AD:
IL-1β in PD:
In ALS:
IL-1β promotes demyelination:
IL-1β pathway inhibitors are being developed:
The study of Interleukin 1 Beta (Il 1Β) has evolved significantly over the past decades. Research in this area has revealed important insights into the underlying mechanisms of neurodegeneration and continues to drive therapeutic development.
Historical context and key discoveries in this field have shaped our current understanding and will continue to guide future research directions.
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Garlanda C, Dinarello CA, Mantovani A. The interleukin-1 family: back to the future. Immunity. 2013;39(6):1003-1018. PMID:24360944 ↩︎
Shaftel SS, Griffin WS, O'Banion MK. The role of interleukin-1 in Alzheimer disease pathogenesis. Journal of Neuroinflammation. 2008;5:7. PMID:18275691 ↩︎
Latter EA, Constantinescu CS, Park J, et al. Interleukin-1β and Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurology. 2014;82(10):849. PMID:24562059 ↩︎
Meissner F, Molawi K, Zychlinsky A. Neuroinflammation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: from mechanism to therapy. Nature Reviews Neurology. 2020;16(10):581-595. PMID:32839585 ↩︎