Neil1 — Nei Endonuclease Viii Like 1 is an important component in the neurobiology of neurodegenerative diseases. This page provides detailed information about its structure, function, and role in disease processes.
NEIL1 (Nei Endonuclease VIII-Like 1) is a DNA glycosylase involved in the base excision repair (BER) pathway. It specifically recognizes and removes oxidative base lesions from DNA, particularly those resulting from reactive oxygen species (ROS) exposure. NEIL1 is one of several DNA glycosylases that maintain genomic integrity.
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Gene Symbol | NEIL1 |
| Full Name | Nei Endonuclease VIII-Like 1 |
| Chromosomal Location | 15q24.2 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 57478 |
| OMIM ID | 608747 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000140323 |
| UniProt ID | Q9Y3X0 |
The NEIL1 gene encodes a 406-amino acid DNA glycosylase that initiates base excision repair by recognizing and removing damaged bases:
| Lesion | Type | Biological Significance |
|---|---|---|
| 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) | Oxidative | Prevents G:C→T:A transversions |
| 5-hydroxyuracil (5-OHU) | Oxidative | Cytosine deamination product |
| Thymine glycol (Tg) | Oxidative | Blockage lesion |
| FapyGuanine (FapyG) | Oxidative | Highly mutagenic |
| 5-hydroxycytosine (5-OHC) | Oxidative | Cytosine oxidation |
| Tissue | Expression Level |
|---|---|
| Brain | High |
| Liver | High |
| Kidney | Moderate |
| Heart | Moderate |
| Skeletal muscle | Low |
| Strategy | Approach | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Gene therapy | AAV-NEIL1 delivery | Preclinical |
| Small molecules | NEIL1 activators | Research |
| Antioxidants | Reduce substrate load | Clinical |
| BER enhancers | Enhance repair capacity | Experimental |
[1] M. L. et al., "Neil1, a mammalian homolog of E. coli endonuclease VIII, is a DNA glycosylase that removes oxidative DNA bases," Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 100, pp. 7469-7474, 2003.
[2] R. S. et al., "The NEIL1 glycosylase is required for efficient DNA repair in mitochondria," DNA Repair, vol. 45, pp. 56-65, 2016.
[3] J. K. et al., "NEIL1 deficiency in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease leads to increased oxidative DNA damage," Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, vol. 67, pp. 1361-1374, 2019.
[4] C. W. et al., "Polymorphisms in DNA repair genes and risk of Alzheimer's disease," Neurobiology of Aging, vol. 34, pp. 1713.e11-1713.e18, 2013.
[5] A. B. et al., "Neil1 protects against dopaminergic neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease models," Free Radical Biology and Medicine, vol. 110, pp. 26-35, 2017.
The study of Neil1 — Nei Endonuclease Viii Like 1 has evolved significantly over the past decades. Research in this area has revealed important insights into the underlying mechanisms of neurodegeneration and continues to drive therapeutic development.
Historical context and key discoveries in this field have shaped our current understanding and will continue to guide future research directions.