IL19 (Interleukin-19) is a cytokine belonging to the IL-10 family that plays important roles in immune modulation and inflammatory responses. While primarily studied in the context of autoimmune and inflammatory skin diseases, emerging research suggests IL-19 may influence neuroinflammatory processes relevant to neurodegenerative diseases[1].
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Gene Symbol | IL19 |
| Full Name | Interleukin-19 |
| Chromosomal Location | 1q32.1 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 29949 |
| OMIM ID | 605213 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000165502 |
| UniProt ID | Q9UHD0 |
| Encoded Protein | Interleukin-19 |
| Protein Family | IL-10 family cytokines |
| Molecular Weight | ~35 kDa (180 amino acids) |
IL-19 is expressed in various tissues[2]:
IL-19 signals through a heterodimeric receptor complex[3]:
Signal transduction involves:
While IL-19 is not highly expressed in the healthy brain, studies indicate[4]:
IL-19 may contribute to neuroinflammation through several mechanisms[5]:
While IL-19 is not as well-studied as other cytokines in AD, evidence suggests potential involvement[6]:
Limited but emerging evidence for IL-19 involvement in PD[7]:
IL-19 has more established connections to MS[8]:
Therapeutic strategies under investigation[9]:
| Approach | Mechanism | Status |
|---|---|---|
| Anti-IL-19 antibodies | Neutralizing antibodies | Research |
| IL-20R blockers | Receptor antagonists | Preclinical |
| JAK inhibitors | Downstream signaling inhibition | Approved for other conditions |
Kummer MP, et al. (2021). Cytokine profiles in Parkinson's disease. J Neuroinflammation 18(1):208
Cimpean A, et al. (2017). IL-19 in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 375:516
Gallagher G, et al. IL-19: biological functions and implications for disease. Int J Med Sci 2010. 2010. ↩︎
Rommereim LM, et al. IL-19 and the IL-20 subfamily of cytokines. Cancers 2013. 2013. ↩︎
Parrish-Novak J, et al. Interleukins 19, 20, and 24 signal through receptor complexes. J Biol Chem 2000. 2000. ↩︎
O'Sullivan SA, et al. IL-10 family cytokines in the central nervous system. Semin Immunol 2016. 2016. ↩︎
Weiss E, et al. IL-20 subfamily cytokines in inflammation and autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2018. 2018. ↩︎
Hennessy EJ, et al. Targeting IL-10 family cytokines for the treatment of disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2010. 2010. ↩︎
Kummer MP, et al. Cytokine profiles in Parkinson's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2021. 2021. ↩︎
Cimpean A, et al. IL-19 in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2017. 2017. ↩︎
Richmond J, et al. IL-20 cytokines in inflammatory diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019. 2019. ↩︎