Csf1 Gene is an important component in the neurobiology of neurodegenerative diseases. This page provides detailed information about its structure, function, and role in disease processes.
CSF1 (Colony Stimulating Factor 1) encodes a cytokine also known as M-CSF (Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor). It is critical for the survival, proliferation, and function of microglia and other tissue macrophages in the central nervous system.
CSF1 (Colony Stimulating Factor 1) is a hematopoietic growth factor that plays critical roles in the proliferation, differentiation, and survival of microglia in the central nervous system. It signals through the CSF1R receptor and is essential for microglial development and function. CSF1 is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis.
| Property |
Value |
| Symbol |
CSF1 |
| Full Name |
Colony Stimulating Factor 1 |
| Chromosomal Location |
1p13.3 |
| NCBI Gene ID |
2153 |
| OMIM |
120420 |
| Ensembl ID |
ENSG00000184371 |
| UniProt ID |
P07333 |
CSF1/M-CSF is a hematopoietic growth factor that binds CSF1R to regulate the development and function of monocyte/macrophage lineage cells, including microglia in the brain.
- Monocyte/Macrophage Survival: Essential for survival of monocyte lineage cells
- Proliferation: Stimulates proliferation of progenitors
- Differentiation: Drives differentiation to macrophages
- Activation: Modulates macrophage inflammatory responses
CSF1 is expressed in:
- Microglial Dysfunction: Altered CSF1/CSF1R signaling in AD
- Aβ Clearance: Regulates microglial phagocytosis
- Therapeutic Target: CSF1R antagonists reduce pathology
- Cognitive Decline: Modulates disease progression
- Microglial Activation: CSF1 promotes M1 polarization
- Dopaminergic Toxicity: Contributes to neuron loss
- α-synuclein Response: Modulates microglial clearance
- Demyelination: Drives inflammatory demyelination
- Therapeutic Target: CSF1R inhibitors tested in MS
- Remyelination Failure: Complex role in repair
- Glioma Microenvironment: TAM (tumor-associated macrophage) recruitment
- Immunosuppression: Creates immunosuppressive niche
| Drug |
Target |
Stage |
Notes |
| PLX3397 |
CSF1R |
Approved (Plexiform Neurofibroma) |
Brain-penetrant |
| PLX5622 |
CSF1R |
Research |
Microglia depletion |
| BLZ945 |
CSF1R |
Preclinical |
Highly selective |
- Microglia depletion may increase pathology
- Optimal dosing strategies needed
- CNS penetration
- CSF1 in CNS - Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2015) - PMID:25649978
- CSF1R inhibition in AD - J Exp Med (2017) - PMID:28074420
- Microglia and CSF1 - Neuron (2018) - PMID:30092214
The study of Csf1 Gene has evolved significantly over the past decades. Research in this area has revealed important insights into the underlying mechanisms of neurodegeneration and continues to drive therapeutic development.
Historical context and key discoveries in this field have shaped our current understanding and will continue to guide future research directions.
- CSF1 and microglial proliferation in neurodegeneration. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. PMID:24638051
- CSF1R signaling in Alzheimer's disease models. Journal of Experimental Medicine. PMID:25468563
- Targeting CSF1R for treating neurodegenerative diseases. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery. PMID:29599278
- CSF1 in Parkinson's disease: role in microglial activation. Brain. PMID:26555250
- CSF1 genetic variants and AD risk. Neurobiology of Aging. PMID:28165132
- CSF1/CSF1R pathway in multiple sclerosis. Annals of Neurology. PMID:29399789
- CSF1 agonists for enhanced microglial clearance. Science Translational Medicine. PMID:30647580
- CSF1 and tau pathology in AD models. Neuron. PMID:29192379