Gene SymbolCD55
Full NameCD55 (Decay-Accelerating Factor)
Chromosomal Location1q32.2
Ensembl IDENSG00000145217
Associated DiseasesParoxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria, Age-Related Macular Degeneration
The CD55 gene encodes decay-accelerating factor (DAF), a crucial complement regulatory protein that protects cells from complement-mediated damage. CD55 is expressed on almost all cells in the body and prevents autologous complement attack on host tissues [1].
CD55 is a GPI-anchored protein belonging to the regulators of complement activation (RCA) gene family. It accelerates the decay of C3/C5 convertases, preventing the formation of the membrane attack complex [2].
CD55 functions as:
- Decay-Accelerating Activity: Accelerates the decay of C3 convertases (C4b2a and C3bBb)
- Host Cell Protection: Prevents complement-mediated lysis of host cells
- GPI Anchoring: Attached to cell membrane via glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor
- Pathogen Interaction: Serves as receptor for certain viruses and bacteria
- Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria: CD55 deficiency causes complement-mediated hemolysis
- Age-Related Macular Degeneration: CD46 variants associated with AMD risk
- Autoimmune Diseases: Altered expression in various autoimmune conditions
- Ubiquitous: Expressed on most cell types
- Blood cells: High expression on erythrocytes and leukocytes
- Brain: Neurons and glia express CD55
- Lublin et al., Decay-accelerating factor: structure and function (1989)
- Miwa et al., CD55 in complement regulation (2010)
- St不妨 et al., CD55 deficiency and hemolysis (2014)
- Matsui et al., CD55 and signal transduction (2000)
- Riley et al., Complement regulators on blood cells (2001)
- Fischer et al., CD55 as pathogen receptor (2007)
- Wang et al., CD55 in neural cells (2011)
- Crawford et al., DAF in neurodegeneration (2003)