The CAPZB gene encodes the beta subunit of the F-actin capping protein, a fundamental regulator of actin cytoskeleton dynamics. This protein is essential for normal cellular structure, motility, and division, with particular importance in neuronal cells where actin dynamics are critical for synaptic plasticity, dendritic spine morphology, and axonal guidance.
| Attribute | Value |
|---|---|
| Symbol | CAPZB |
| Full Name | Capping Actin Protein of the Z-disc Beta |
| Chromosomal Location | 1p36.22 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 832 |
| OMIM | 601568 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000015590 |
| UniProt | P47756 |
The capping protein (CP) is a heterodimer composed of alpha and beta subunits that binds to the fast-growing (barbed) ends of actin filaments, preventing the addition or loss of actin subunits at this end. This regulation is crucial for:
| Disease | Mechanism | Evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Alzheimer's Disease | Dysregulated actin dynamics contribute to synaptic loss and dendritic spine abnormalities; CAPZB interacts with tau pathology | PMID: 23625756 |
| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis | Altered actin regulation affects motor neuron connectivity and survival | PMID: 28755525 |
| Spinal Muscular Atrophy | Impaired actin dynamics contribute to neuromuscular junction defects | PMID: 22396708 |
The actin capping protein complex represents a potential therapeutic target for: