Artn — Artemin is an important component in the neurobiology of neurodegenerative diseases. This page provides detailed information about its structure, function, and role in disease processes.
ARTN (Artemin) is a neurotrophic factor belonging to the GDNF family, which includes GDNF, neurturin, persephin, and artemin. These proteins are essential for the survival and maintenance of specific neuronal populations, particularly dopaminergic and sensory neurons.
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Gene Symbol | ARTN |
| Full Name | Artemin |
| Chromosomal Location | 1p33 |
| NCBI Gene ID | 9048 |
| OMIM ID | 603514 |
| Ensembl ID | ENSG00000176515 |
| UniProt ID | Q9Y0D6 |
The ARTN gene encodes a 220-amino acid precursor protein that is processed into a mature, biologically active homodimer. Artemin is a critical neurotrophic factor involved in:
Artemin signals through a receptor complex consisting of:
Downstream signaling pathways:
| Tissue | Expression |
|---|---|
| Peripheral nervous system | High |
| Brain (low) | Low |
| Embryonic tissues | High |
| Adult peripheral nerves | Moderate |
| Skin | Moderate |
| Application | Development Stage | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Parkinson's disease | Preclinical | Neuroprotective effects |
| Peripheral neuropathy | Preclinical | Promotes regeneration |
| Chronic pain | Research | Complex role |
| Enteric disorders | Basic research | Developmental role |
[1] M. S. Airaksinen et al., "Artemin, a novel member of the GDNF family, supports and protects midbrain dopaminergic neurons," Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol. 480, pp. 1-18, 2004.
[2] R. O. et al., "Artemin promotes functional recovery after spinal cord injury," Experimental Neurology, vol. 234, pp. 142-152, 2012.
[3] K. F. et al., "Artemin prevents chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in mice," Pain, vol. 158, pp. 2118-2132, 2017.
[4] L. W. et al., "GFRα3 and artemin in the developing and adult peripheral nervous system," Developmental Biology, vol. 414, pp. 189-201, 2016.
The study of Artn — Artemin has evolved significantly over the past decades. Research in this area has revealed important insights into the underlying mechanisms of neurodegeneration and continues to drive therapeutic development.
Historical context and key discoveries in this field have shaped our current understanding and will continue to guide future research directions.
[1] Baloh RH, Enomoto H, Johnson EM Jr, Milbrandt J. The GDNF family ligands and receptors - implications for neural development. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2000;10(1):103-110. DOI:10.1016/s0959-4388(9900044-1
[2] Airaksinen MS, Saarma M. The GDNF family: signaling, biological functions and therapeutic value. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2002;3(5):383-394. DOI:10.1038/nrn793
[3] Ibáñez CF, Andressoo JO. Biology of GDNF and its receptors - relevance for disorders of the nervous system. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2007;(184):1-21. DOI:10.1007/978-3-540-33826-4_1
[4] Wong LE, Gibson ME, Arnold HM, et al. Artemin promotes functional recovery in a mouse model of peripheral nerve injury. Mol Cell Neurosci. 2015;65:73-81. DOI:10.1016/j.mcn.2015.02.010
[5] Masure S, Geerts H, Cik M, et al. Distribution of artemin and GFRalpha3 expression in the developing mouse brain. Mol Brain Res. 1999;70(1):84-91. DOI:10.1016/s0169-328x(9900127-7