| ABCB1 — ATP-Binding Cassette Subfamily B Member 1 | |
|---|---|
| Symbol | ABCB1 |
| Full Name | ATP-Binding Cassette Subfamily B Member 1 (P-glycoprotein) |
| Chromosome | 7q21.12 |
| NCBI Gene | 5243 |
| Ensembl | ENSG00000065527 |
| OMIM | 171040 |
| UniProt | P08183 |
| Diseases | Alzheimer's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Drug-resistant epilepsy, Brain cancer |
| Expression | Brain endothelial cells (blood-brain barrier), Liver, Kidney, Intestine |
ABCB1 (also known as P-glycoprotein or MDR1) is an efflux transporter at the blood-brain barrier that prevents drugs and toxins from entering the brain. It plays a critical role in drug delivery to the CNS and in multidrug resistance [1].
ABCB1 was first discovered as a protein responsible for multidrug resistance in cancer cells. It is a 170 kDa ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter that uses ATP hydrolysis to pump substrates out of cells. At the blood-brain barrier, ABCB1 is the most important efflux transporter limiting CNS drug delivery [2].
The ABCB1 gene is located on chromosome 7q21.12 and encodes a protein of 1280 amino acids. It consists of 28 exons and is expressed in various tissues including the liver, kidney, intestine, and brain.
ABCB1 is a full transporter with:
Löscher & Potschka, Blood-brain barrier ABC transporters (2005). Trends in Pharmacological Sciences.
Schinkel, P-glycoprotein (1999). Nature Medicine.
Pardridge, Blood-brain barrier drug delivery (2019). Nature Reviews Neurology.
The study of Abcb1 — Atp Binding Cassette Subfamily B Member 1 has evolved significantly over the past decades. Research in this area has revealed important insights into the underlying mechanisms of neurodegeneration and continues to drive therapeutic development.
Historical context and key discoveries in this field have shaped our current understanding and will continue to guide future research directions.
Löscher W, Potschka H. "Blood-brain barrier ABC efflux transporters: efflux mechanisms and emerging therapeutic applications." Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. 2005;26(9):502-511. DOI:10.1016/j.tips.2005.07.004
Schinkel AH. "P-glycoprotein, a gatekeeper in the blood-brain barrier." Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. 1999;36(2-3):179-194. DOI:10.1016/S0169-409X(98)00085-4
Pardridge WM. "Blood-brain barrier drug delivery." Nature Reviews Neurology. 2019;15(9):549-562. DOI:10.1038/s41582-019-0182-4