bfe67bb53c3c532ef4237fa3323691ae27404769
flowchart TD
subgraph Input["Cortical Input"]
A["Entorhinal<br/>Cortex[^1]"]
end
subgraph Trisynaptic["Trisynaptic Circuit"]
B["Dentate<br/>Gyrus"]
C["CA3 Region[^1]"]
D["CA1 Region[^1][^2]"]
end
subgraph Output["Hippocampal Output"]
E["Subiculum"]
F["Mammillary<br/>Bodies"]
G["Septal<br/>Nuclei"]
H["Hypothalamus"]
end
A -->|"Perforant path"| B
B -->|"Mossy fibers"| C
C -->|"Schaffer collaterals"| D
D -->|"Fornix"| E
E --> F
E --> G
E --> H
A -->|"Direct"| D
A -->|"Direct"| C
click A "/brain-regions/entorhinal-cortex" "Entorhinal Cortex"
click B "/brain-regions/dentate-gyrus" "Dentate Gyrus"
click C "/brain-regions/ca3-hippocampus" "CA3 Region"
click D "/brain-regions/ca1-hippocampus" "CA1 Region"
click F "/brain-regions/mammillary-bodies" "Mammillary Bodies"
click G "/brain-regions/basal-forebrain" "Septal Nuclei"
click H "/brain-regions/hypothalamus" "Hypothalamus"
classDef input fill:#e1f5fe,stroke:#333
classDef intermediate fill:#fff3e0,stroke:#333
classDef outcome fill:#c8e6c9,stroke:#333
classDef pathology fill:#ffcdd2,stroke:#333
class A input
class B outcome
class C intermediate
class D outcome
class E outcome
class F pathology
class G outcome
class H outcome
bfe67bb53c3c532ef4237fa3323691ae27404769
bfe67bb53c3c532ef4237fa3323691ae27404769
The circuit's role in memory explains why episodic memory impairment is the hallmark early symptom of Alzheimer's[@morris2012].
bfe67bb53c3c532ef4237fa3323691ae27404769
- Braak, H. & Braak, E. (1991), Neuropathological stageing of Alzheimer-related changes (1991)
- Squire, L.R. et al. (2004), Memory systems of the brain: a brief history of the current consensus (2004)
bfe67bb53c3c532ef4237fa3323691ae27404769