TSH-secreting pituitary adenomas cause secondary hyperthyroidism with central thyroid axis dysregulation.
TSH adenomas are rare (<1% of pituitary adenomas) and cause:
- Elevated T3/T4 with elevated TSH
- Goiter
- Hyperthyroid symptoms
- Paraventricular nucleus
- Preoptic area
- Stimulate TSH and prolactin
- Negative feedback from thyroid hormone
- Disrupted in adenoma
- TRH neuron adaptation
- Reduced sensitivity to feedback
- Compensatory hypersecretion
- Mitochondrial function
- Synaptic plasticity
- Dendritic arborization
- Memory (hippocampal)
- Attention
- Executive function
- Anxiety
- Tremor
- Weight loss
- Heat intolerance
- Mood lability
- Sleep disturbance
- Cognitive changes
- TSH adenoma (2022)
- Thyroid hormone and brain (2021)